{"id":11951,"date":"2026-09-02T21:56:00","date_gmt":"2026-09-02T13:56:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fdlaw.com.tw\/?p=11951"},"modified":"2026-09-12T22:45:45","modified_gmt":"2026-09-12T14:45:45","slug":"taiwan-drug-smuggling-acquittal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fdlaw.com.tw\/en\/blog\/taiwan-drug-smuggling-acquittal\/","title":{"rendered":"American Acquitted in Taiwan Drug Smuggling Case: How FDLAW Defended an Alleged \u201cBlind Mule\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-qubely-image qubely-block-ec8710\"><div class=\"qubely-block-image  qubely-image-layout-simple\"><div class=\"qubely-image-media qubely-vertical-alignment-center qubely-horizontal-alignment-center\"><figure><div class=\"qubely-image-container\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"qubely-image-image\" src=\"https:\/\/fdlaw.com.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/not-guilty.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><\/div><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style id=\"fdlaw-heading-style-taiwan-drug-smuggling-acquittal-20260902\">\nbody.postid-11951 .entry-content h2.wp-block-heading{margin-top:2.15em;margin-bottom:.75em;padding:0 0 .45em .75em;border-left:5px solid #1f5f8b;border-bottom:1px solid #d9e5ee;color:#17384f;font-size:1.55em;line-height:1.35;}\nbody.postid-11951 .entry-content h3.wp-block-heading{margin-top:1.6em;margin-bottom:.65em;color:#24485f;font-size:1.18em;line-height:1.45;}\n@media (max-width:768px){body.postid-11951 .entry-content h2.wp-block-heading{font-size:1.35em;}}\n<\/style>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-border-color has-background is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-0e3177d2 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"border-color:#d9e5ee;border-width:1px;border-radius:8px;background-color:#f7fafc;margin-bottom:32px;padding-top:24px;padding-right:24px;padding-bottom:24px;padding-left:24px\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"letter-spacing:0.08em\"><strong>FIRST-INSTANCE ACQUITTAL<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>American Client<\/strong><br>2,087 g of Heroin Found in Luggage<br>Taoyuan District Court <strong>Not Guilty<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A foreign traveler arrives at Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport. Customs officers inspect his luggage and discover more than two kilograms of heroin hidden inside.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For most families receiving this news from overseas, the situation appears almost impossible to defend.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But finding drugs inside a person&#039;s suitcase does <strong>not automatically prove that the traveler knew the drugs were there<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In a recent case handled by <strong>FDLAW<\/strong>, our American client was prosecuted in Taiwan for transport Category One narcotics and smuggling controlled goods after customs officers discovered <strong>four packages of heroin with a total net weight of 2,087 grams<\/strong> inside luggage he had brought from Cambodia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The prosecution that he knowingly participated in an international drug trafficking operation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Our client consistently maintained that he had been deceived. He believed he was traveling for a legitimate business matter and carrying gifts for another person in Taiwan. He said he did not know that heroin had been secretly concealed inside the luggage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">After reviewing the communications, travel circumstances, luggage inspection evidence and our client&#039;s conduct, the <strong>Taoyuan District Court found that the prosecution had not proven beyond reasonable doubt that he knew or foresaw that drugs were hidden inside the luggage<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Court therefore found our client <strong>not guilty at first instance<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For foreigners accused of bringing drugs into Taiwan\u2014and particularly for families overseas trying to find a <a href=\"https:\/\/fdlaw.com.tw\/en\/criminal\/\">Taiwan criminal defense lawyer<\/a>\u2014this case illustrates one of the most important principles in a drug-smuggling prosecution:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Possession of the suitcase and knowledge of the drugs inside it are not necessarily the same thing.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The result of every case on its own evidence, and a prior result does not guarantee a similar outcome. But this judgment demonstrates why an allegation that someone was an innocent or unwitting courier must be investigated through objective evidence rather than dismissed simply because drugs were physically found in that person&#039;s luggage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Taiwan Treats International Drug Transportation Extremely Seriously<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fdlaw.com.tw\/en\/blog\/drug-trafficking\/\">Drug trafficking charges in Taiwan<\/a> carry extraordinarily serious consequences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Under Taiwan&#039;s <strong>Narcotics Hazard Prevention Act<\/strong>Heroin is classified as a <strong>Category One narcotic<\/strong>. Article 4 provides that manufacturing, transporting or selling Category One narcotics is punishable by death or life imprisonment. Category Two drug transportation also carries life imprisonment or imprisonment of at least ten years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A person accused of bringing narcotics through an international airport may also face charges under Taiwan&#039;s <strong>Smuggling Penalty Act<\/strong> for importing controlled goods.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For this reason, when a foreign national is arrested at Taoyuan International Airport with drugs hidden in a suitcase, prosecutors will investigate not only what was found but also the traveler&#039;s communications, itinerary, financial arrangements, relationship with the person who provided the luggage, and what the traveler knew before entering Taiwan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For families abroad, the most important point is that a serious drug charge does not mean the defense should immediately assume guilt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The first question should be:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>What can the evidence actually prove about the accused person&#039;s knowledge and intent?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Our Case: More Than 2 Kilograms of Heroin Were Found in the Luggage<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the case handled by FDLAW, our client was an American citizen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to the judgment, he traveled to Cambodia and later flew from Cambodia to Taiwan. Before leaving Cambodia, another person delivered a suitcase to him. When he arrived at Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport, customs officers inspected the luggage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Four packages containing heroin were discovered.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The total net weight was approximately <strong>2,087 grams<\/strong>, with a total pure net weight of approximately <strong>1,762 grams<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There was therefore no real dispute about the physical fact that our client had transported luggage containing a very substantial quantity of Category One narcotics into Taiwan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The central issue was different:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Did he know that the heroin was inside the luggage?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That distinction ultimately became decisive.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-a85ff39b wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"border-left-color:#1f5f8b;border-left-width:4px;background-color:#f7fafc;margin-top:24px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:18px;padding-right:20px;padding-bottom:18px;padding-left:20px\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>What the Court Considered<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Court examined the communications, travel arrangements, luggage inspection evidence and our client&#039;s conduct. Suspicious circumstances alone did not prove beyond reasonable doubt that he knew or foresaw that heroin was hidden in the suitcase.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u201cThe Drugs Were in His Suitcase\u201d Was Not Enough to Prove Criminal Intent<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Taiwan criminal law distinguishes between the physical act and the accused person&#039;s state of mind.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In this case, the Court specifically analyzed whether our client had intentionally transported heroin or at least foresaw the possibility that drugs were hidden in the luggage and nevertheless accepted that risk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The prosecution argued that the circumstances were suspicious. Our client had accepted travel and accommodation arrangements from people he did not personally know, traveled internationally, and agreed to carry someone else&#039;s luggage into Taiwan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Those facts were undoubtedly important.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But the Court held that unusual or suspicious circumstances alone were not sufficient to establish criminal intent beyond a reasonable doubt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The judges examined the surrounding evidence in much greater detail.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That is one of the most important lessons from this case for anyone searching for a <strong>Taiwan drug trafficking lawyer<\/strong>: saying \u201cI did not know\u201d is not enough by itself, but neither should the authorities be permitted to replace proof of knowledge with assumptions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">WhatsApp Messages Became Critical Evidence<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One of the strongest parts of the defense was the digital evidence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Messages recovered from our client&#039;s phone showed that, well before the arrest, he had been communicating with people who represented that he was traveling in connection with documents and a business-related transaction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The communications discussed signing documents in Cambodia and later traveling to Taiwan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Significantly, after receiving the suitcase, our client actually sent a message describing what he believed was inside it: clothing, trousers, a bedspread and ties. He also asked who in Taiwan was supposed to receive the items.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Court found that these messages were broadly consistent with the explanation our client later gave during the criminal proceedings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This was important because the messages existed independently of his courtroom defense. They were not simply a story created after the drugs were discovered.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For a suspected \u201cblind mule\u201d or unwitting courier, contemporaneous digital evidence can therefore become one of the most important parts of the case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">WhatsApp conversations, emails, flight bookings, hotel reservations, payment records, photographs and messages discussing the purpose of the trip can help the court reconstruct what the traveler actually believed before the arrest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Client Had Actually Opened and Checked the Suitcase<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The prosecution also argued that our client should have known something illegal was inside the luggage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But the evidence showed that he had opened the suitcase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">He saw clothing and other items and reported those contents in his messages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The heroin had been concealed inside packaging associated with the bedding.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Court therefore considered it possible that our client had genuinely inspected the luggage but did not discover the hidden narcotics because the drugs were packaged and concealed in a way that appeared to be part of the ordinary items inside.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This point is particularly important.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In many international drug-smuggling cases, prosecutors ask why a traveler accepted luggage from another person or why the traveler did not inspect it more thoroughly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Those questions are legitimate. But the analysis cannot stop there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The court must examine <strong>what the traveler actually did, what could reasonably have been seen, how the drugs were concealed, what the traveler was told, and whether the surrounding evidence supports or contradicts the claim of ignorance<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">One Small Decision Became Powerful Evidence: He Checked the Suitcase<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Another fact proved particularly significant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The person communicating with our client had specifically told him to take the suitcase onto the aircraft as <strong>hand luggage<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But our client did not follow that instruction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Instead, he checked the suitcase as ordinary checked baggage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Court considered this behavior inconsistent with someone who knew he was secretly transporting heroin and was deliberately following instructions designed to reduce the risk of detection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If our client had known the suitcase contained drugs and understood that the organizer wanted him to carry it onto the plane to avoid inspection, the Court reasoned that it would have made more sense for him to follow that instruction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Instead, he did the opposite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That seemingly ordinary travel decision became objective circumstantial evidence supporting the defense that he did not know what was hidden inside the luggage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What Is a \u201cBlind Mule\u201d Drug Case?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The term <strong>&quot;blind mule&quot;<\/strong> is commonly used to describe a person who transports luggage, packages or other items without knowing that drugs have been secretly concealed inside.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In <a href=\"https:\/\/fdlaw.com.tw\/en\/blog\/drug-smuggling-in-taiwan\/\">drug smuggling cases in Taiwan<\/a>, the legal question is not whether someone fits a particular label.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The real question is whether prosecutors can prove the mental element required for the charged offense.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A therefore defense cannot rely solely on:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&quot;I was tricked.&quot;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Instead, the defense must reconstruct the entire story through objective evidence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Who arranged the travel? Who purchased the ticket? Who paid for the hotel? Why did the traveler go to the intermediate country? What was the traveler told the luggage contained? Did the traveler inspect it? What do the messages say?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Taken individually, each fact may appear insignificant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Taken together, they can determine whether the prosecution has actually proven knowledge beyond a reasonable doubt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What Evidence Can Help Prove That a Foreign Traveler Did Not Know About the Drugs?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For families overseas, evidence preservation should begin immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The most valuable evidence is often not a single document but the complete timeline surrounding the trip.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Chat histories may demonstrate what the traveler was told. Airline and hotel records can show who controlled or financed the trip. Bank transfers can show whether payments were travel expenses, ordinary compensation or something the prosecution may characterize differently. Photographs may show the condition of the suitcase. Cloud backups may preserve conversations even after Taiwanese authorities seize the traveler&#039;s phone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Even apparently unfavorable messages should not automatically be deleted or hidden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Context matters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A Taiwan criminal defense lawyer needs the complete communications in order to determine how prosecutors are likely to interpret them and whether surrounding messages provide an innocent explanation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Deleting evidence after an arrest can create additional problems and may destroy information that later proves helpful.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u201cI Didn\u2019t Know\u201d Is a Defense\u2014but It Must Be Built With Evidence<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Families often contact us and say:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&quot;My husband did not know.&quot;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cMy daughter was given the suitcase by a friend.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&quot;My partner thought she was carrying clothes.&quot;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&quot;He was told he was transporting gifts.&quot;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&quot;She was manipulated by someone she trusted.&quot;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Those facts can be extremely important, but a successful defense requires more than repeating them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The defense should attempt to identify evidence created <strong>before the arrest<\/strong> that supports the accused person&#039;s explanation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Our recent case is a good example.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The court did not acquit simply because our client denied knowing about the heroin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It examined the messages, the reason given for the trip, the contents he reported seeing inside the suitcase, the method used to conceal the narcotics, the instructions he received, and his decision not to follow the instruction to carry the luggage onto the aircraft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Court concluded that the evidence did not eliminate the reasonable possibility that he had been deceived.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Because criminal guilt must be proven beyond a reasonable doubt, that unresolved doubt mattered.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why the First Police and Prosecutor Interviews Are Critical<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Foreign defendants often arrive in Taiwan exhausted after international travel and are suddenly questioned in an unfamiliar criminal justice system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">They may be frightened, confused about translation, unable to contact family members and desperate to explain themselves quickly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is exactly when statements can become dangerous.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A person may describe money received as \u201cpayment,\u201d even though it was actually reimbursement for travel. They may refer to someone casually as a \u201cfriend\u201d when the relationship was much more complicated. They may agree with a translated question without appreciating the distinction between knowing, suspecting and merely being careless.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In a case where the central issue is <strong>knowledge of the drugs<\/strong>, these distinctions can become decisive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For that reason, foreign suspects facing serious drug allegations should obtain Taiwan criminal defense counsel as early as possible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">FDLAW&#039;s broader criminal-defense practice includes police questioning, prosecutorial investigation, detention proceedings, detention-center visits and criminal trials.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What Should Families Overseas Do if Their Loved One Is Arrested for Drugs in Taiwan?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If a family member has been arrested at a Taiwan airport, families should first determine where the person is being held and what stage the case has reached.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The family should preserve all available messages, booking records, emails, payment records and documents relating to the trip. Those records may be located outside Taiwan even when the suspect&#039;s phone has already been seized.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The family should also provide the lawyer with as complete a timeline as possible, including who first contacted the traveler, why the trip occurred, who paid for it, where the luggage came from and what the traveler believed was inside.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A consular office may provide consular assistance, but criminal defense in Taiwan still requires a Taiwan lawyer. As explained in our existing guide for families when a <a href=\"https:\/\/fdlaw.com.tw\/en\/blog\/foreigner-arrested-in-taiwan\/\">foreigner is arrested in Taiwan<\/a>, early legal assistance can be important for questioning, detention proceedings, evidence preservation and communication with the accused.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-a85ff39b wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"border-left-color:#b47a35;border-left-width:4px;background-color:#fbf8f3;margin-top:24px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-top:18px;padding-right:20px;padding-bottom:18px;padding-left:20px\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>What Families Overseas Should Do<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Preserve chat histories, booking records, payment records, cloud backups and a complete travel timeline, and contact Taiwan defense counsel promptly.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">FDLAW&#039;s Experience Representing Foreign Nationals in Serious Taiwan Drug Cases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Lawyer Handling Foreign-National Criminal Cases<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Charles Lee, Managing Partner of FDLAW, communicates directly in English with foreign defendants and overseas family members.<\/strong> He holds a PhD in Law from Newcastle University in the United Kingdom and handles serious Taiwan criminal matters involving detention, drug trafficking, drug smuggling, international investigations and trial. Families may send the defendant&#039;s identity, current location, alleged charge, handling authority, available documents and a concise timeline for an initial review.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Direct email:<\/strong> <a href=\"mailto:charleslee@fdlaw.com.tw?subject=Taiwan Criminal Case - Foreign National\">charleslee@fdlaw.com.tw<\/a><br><strong>Office:<\/strong> <a href=\"tel: 886277093611\">+886-2-7709-3611<\/a> | <strong>LINE:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/line.me\/ti\/p\/@723pifhz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">@fdlaw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">FDLAW represents foreign nationals facing serious criminal proceedings in Taiwan, including international drug cases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Our lawyers communicate directly with English-speaking clients and their families and handle matters from investigation and detention through trial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Our recent American client&#039;s case demonstrates the importance of examining the evidence beyond the fact that narcotics were physically discovered.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Despite more than two kilograms of heroin being found inside the luggage he carried into Taiwan, the Taoyuan District Court concluded that the evidence did not prove beyond reasonable doubt that he knew or foresaw the drugs were hidden there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Court therefore entered a <strong>first-instance judgment of acquittal<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For families searching for a <strong>drug smuggling lawyer in Taiwan<\/strong>, the central question is not simply whether drugs were found.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The real question is:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>What can the prosecution prove about what the accused person actually knew?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That question can determine the entire case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Contact an English-Speaking Taiwan Criminal Defense Lawyer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If your family member has been arrested for drug trafficking or drug smuggling in Taiwan, especially after narcotics were discovered in luggage at Taoyuan International Airport, obtaining legal advice quickly is important.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Every case is different. An acquittal in one case does not guarantee the result of another.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But where the accused person says that they were deceived or did not know drugs were hidden inside luggage, the defense should immediately examine the communications, travel records, payments, luggage circumstances and conduct before the arrest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These cases should not be treated as hopeless simply because drugs were found.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">FDLAW can assist foreign defendants and families overseas with criminal defense, detention-center visits, communication in English, evidence analysis and representation before Taiwanese prosecutors and courts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Can someone be acquitted in Taiwan even if drugs are found in their suitcase?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yes. The physical discovery of drugs is extremely important evidence, but transporting narcotics is an intentional criminal offense. Prosecutors must still prove the accused person&#039;s required knowledge and intent. In FDLAW&#039;s recent case, more than two kilograms of heroin were discovered in luggage carried by our American client, but the Taoyuan District Court found that the evidence did not prove beyond reasonable doubt that he knew or foresaw the drugs were concealed inside. The Court therefore acquitted him at first instance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What if someone gave me a suitcase and I did not know drugs were inside?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lack of knowledge may be a critical defense, but simply saying \u201cI didn&#039;t know\u201d is usually not enough. The defense should examine messages, travel arrangements, payments, who provided the luggage, whether the luggage was inspected, how the drugs were concealed, and the person&#039;s conduct before and after the trip.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is a blind mule in a drug trafficking case?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A &quot;blind mule&quot; generally refers to a person who transports luggage or goods without knowing that illegal drugs have been secretly concealed inside. In Taiwan, the decisive legal issue is whether the prosecution can prove the accused person&#039;s knowledge or criminal intent rather than whether a particular label applies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What evidence is most important if a foreigner says they were tricked into transporting drugs?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Contemporaneous communications are particularly important. WhatsApp messages, emails, airline tickets, hotel reservations, bank transfers, photographs, cloud backups and records showing who organized or paid for the trip may help reconstruct what the accused person actually knew before the arrest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What penalties can a foreigner face for transporting heroin into Taiwan?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Heroin is a Category One narcotic under Taiwan&#039;s Narcotics Hazard Prevention Act. Article 4 provides extremely severe punishment for manufacturing, transporting or selling Category One narcotics, including death or life imprisonment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Can family members outside Taiwan hire a lawyer for someone arrested in Taiwan?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In many situations, family members can contact Taiwan defense counsel and begin coordinating urgent legal assistance. This can include confirming the person&#039;s location and procedural status, detention-center visits, communicating with the accused and preparing the criminal defense. Taiwan criminal procedure should be evaluated promptly because important questioning and detention proceedings can occur early in the case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Can an embassy defend a foreign citizen in a Taiwan criminal case?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A consular or representative office may provide consular assistance, but it does not replace a Taiwan criminal defense lawyer. The criminal case itself is handled under Taiwan law before Taiwanese prosecutors and courts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Is FDLAW&#039;s acquittal already final?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The judgment provided is a first-instance judgment of the Taoyuan District Court. The Court found the American defendant not guilty, but the judgment also states that an appeal may be filed. Whether a judgment has become final must therefore be confirmed based on the subsequent appellate status.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<style>\n\/* \u5bb9\u5668\u8a2d\u5b9a\uff1aRWD \u97ff\u61c9\u5f0f\u6392\u7248 *\/\n.fd-cta-container {\n    display: flex;\n    justify-content: center; \/* \u5c45\u4e2d\u5c0d\u9f4a *\/\n    gap: 20px; \/* \u6309\u9215\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u9593\u8ddd *\/\n    flex-wrap: wrap; \/* \u624b\u6a5f\u7248\u81ea\u52d5\u63db\u884c *\/\n    margin: 30px 0; \/* \u4e0a\u4e0b\u7559\u767d *\/\n    font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, \"Segoe UI\", Roboto, \"Helvetica Neue\", Arial, sans-serif;\n}\n\n\/* \u6309\u9215\u5171\u7528\u57fa\u5e95\u6a23\u5f0f *\/\n.fd-btn {\n    display: inline-flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    justify-content: center;\n    padding: 12px 32px;\n    font-size: 16px;\n    font-weight: 600;\n    text-decoration: none !important; \/* \u79fb\u9664\u5e95\u7dda *\/\n    border-radius: 50px; \/* \u5713\u89d2\u81a0\u56ca\u9020\u578b *\/\n    transition: all 0.3s ease; \/* \u5e73\u6ed1\u904e\u6e21\u6548\u679c *\/\n    letter-spacing: 1px; \/* \u5b57\u8ddd\u5fae\u8abf *\/\n    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); \/* \u7cbe\u7dfb\u9670\u5f71 *\/\n    line-height: 1.2;\n    cursor: pointer;\n    position: relative;\n    top: 0;\n}\n\n\/* \u6309\u9215\u61f8\u6d6e (Hover) \u5171\u540c\u6548\u679c *\/\n.fd-btn:hover {\n    transform: translateY(-3px); \/* \u5411\u4e0a\u6d6e\u8d77 *\/\n    box-shadow: 0 8px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15); \/* \u52a0\u6df1\u9670\u5f71 *\/\n}\n\n\/* 1. \u96fb\u8a71\u6309\u9215\u98a8\u683c (\u6df1\u85cd\u8272\u5be6\u5fc3) *\/\n.fd-btn-phone {\n    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0f2b5c 0%, #1e3a8a 100%); \/* \u6df1\u85cd\u6f38\u5c64 *\/\n    color: #ffffff !important;\n    border: 2px solid transparent; \/* \u9810\u7559\u908a\u6846\u7a7a\u9593 *\/\n}\n\n.fd-btn-phone:hover {\n    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #163673 0%, #26469e 100%);\n    color: #ffffff !important;\n}\n\n\/* 2. 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Email \u6309\u9215\u98a8\u683c (\u767d\u5e95\u7070\u85cd\u908a\u6846) *\/\n.fd-btn-email {\n    background: #ffffff;\n    color: #0f2b5c !important; \/* \u6587\u5b57\u7dad\u6301\u6df1\u85cd\u8272\u4ee5\u4fdd\u4e00\u81f4\u6027 *\/\n    border: 2px solid #64748b; \/* \u5c08\u696d\u77e5\u6027\u7070\u85cd\u8272\u908a\u6846 *\/\n}\n\n.fd-btn-email:hover {\n    background: #f1f5f9; \/* \u61f8\u6d6e\u6642\u80cc\u666f\u5fae\u5fae\u8b8a\u6dfa\u7070\u85cd *\/\n    color: #0f2b5c !important;\n}\n\n\/* Icon \u5716\u793a\u8a2d\u5b9a *\/\n.fd-icon {\n    width: 20px;\n    height: 20px;\n    margin-right: 10px; \/* \u5716\u793a\u8207\u6587\u5b57\u8ddd\u96e2 *\/\n    fill: currentColor; \/* \u8ddf\u96a8\u6587\u5b57\u984f\u8272 *\/\n}\n\n\/* \u7279\u6b8a\u5716\u793a\u984f\u8272\u8a2d\u5b9a *\/\n.fd-btn-line .fd-icon {\n    fill: #06C755; \/* Line \u5b98\u65b9\u7da0\u8272 *\/\n}\n\n.fd-btn-email .fd-icon {\n    fill: #64748b; \/* Email \u5716\u793a\u914d\u4e0a\u5c08\u696d\u7070\u85cd\u8272 *\/\n}\n\n\/* \u624b\u6a5f\u7248\u8abf\u6574\uff1a\u6309\u9215\u8b8a\u70ba\u5168\u5bec\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u624b\u6307\u9ede\u64ca *\/\n@media (max-width: 600px) {\n    .fd-cta-container {\n        flex-direction: column; \/* \u5782\u76f4\u6392\u5217 *\/\n        gap: 15px;\n        padding: 0 10px;\n    }\n    .fd-btn {\n        width: 100%; \/* \u6eff\u7248\u5bec\u5ea6 *\/\n        justify-content: center;\n    }\n}\n<\/style>\n\n<div class=\"fd-cta-container\">\n    \n    <a href=\"https:\/\/line.me\/ti\/p\/@fdlaw\" class=\"fd-btn fd-btn-line\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\n        <svg class=\"fd-icon\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n            <path d=\"M22 10.4c0-5-4.5-9-10-9S2 5.4 2 10.4c0 4.4 3.5 8.1 8.2 8.9.3 0 .7.1 1 .2.3.1.5.3.4.6v.1l-.3 1.3c-.1.3-.2 1.2 1 0l.1-.1 5.5-4.8c3.1-1.5 4.1-3.6 4.1-6.2z\"\/>\n        <\/svg>\n        Line\n    <\/a>\n\n    <a href=\"mailto:charleslee@fdlaw.com.tw?subject=Taiwan Criminal Case - Foreign National\" class=\"fd-btn fd-btn-email\">\n        <svg class=\"fd-icon\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n            <path d=\"M20 4H4c-1.1 0-1.99.9-1.99 2L2 18c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h16c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V6c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 4l-8 5-8-5V6l8 5 8-5v2z\"\/>\n        <\/svg>\n        Email Charles Lee About a Taiwan Criminal Case\n    <\/a>\n\n    <a href=\"tel: 886277093611\" class=\"fd-btn fd-btn-phone\">\n        <svg class=\"fd-icon\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n            <path d=\"M20.01 15.38c-1.23 0-2.42-.2-3.53-.56-.35-.12-.74-.03-1.01.24l-2.2 2.2c-2.83-1.44-5.15-3.75-6.59-6.59l2.2-2.21c.28-.26.36-.65.25-1.01A11.36 11.36 0 0 1 8.59 3.99c0-.55-.45-1-1-1H4.03c-.55 0-1 .45-1 1 0 9.39 7.61 17.01 17 17.01.55 0 1-.45 1-1v-3.56c.01-.55-.44-1-.99-1.06z\"\/>\n        <\/svg>\n        Phone\n    <\/a>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n  \"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\n  \"mainEntity\": [\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"Can someone be acquitted in Taiwan even if drugs are found in their suitcase?\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"Yes. The physical discovery of drugs is extremely important evidence, but transporting narcotics is an intentional criminal offense. Prosecutors must still prove the accused person\u2019s required knowledge and intent. In FDLAW\u2019s recent case, more than two kilograms of heroin were discovered in luggage carried by our American client, but the Taoyuan District Court found that the evidence did not prove beyond reasonable doubt that he knew or foresaw the drugs were concealed inside. The Court therefore acquitted him at first instance.\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"What if someone gave me a suitcase and I did not know drugs were inside?\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"Lack of knowledge may be a critical defense, but simply saying \u201cI didn\u2019t know\u201d is usually not enough. The defense should examine messages, travel arrangements, payments, who provided the luggage, whether the luggage was inspected, how the drugs were concealed, and the person\u2019s conduct before and after the trip.\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"What is a blind mule in a drug trafficking case?\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"A \u201cblind mule\u201d generally refers to a person who transports luggage or goods without knowing that illegal drugs have been secretly concealed inside. 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WhatsApp messages, emails, airline tickets, hotel reservations, bank transfers, photographs, cloud backups and records showing who organized or paid for the trip may help reconstruct what the accused person actually knew before the arrest.\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"What penalties can a foreigner face for transporting heroin into Taiwan?\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"Heroin is a Category One narcotic under Taiwan\u2019s Narcotics Hazard Prevention Act. Article 4 provides extremely severe punishment for manufacturing, transporting or selling Category One narcotics, including death or life imprisonment.\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"Can family members outside Taiwan hire a lawyer for someone arrested in Taiwan?\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"In many situations, family members can contact Taiwan defense counsel and begin coordinating urgent legal assistance. This can include confirming the person\u2019s location and procedural status, detention-center visits, communicating with the accused and preparing the criminal defense. Taiwan criminal procedure should be evaluated promptly because important questioning and detention proceedings can occur early in the case.\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"Can an embassy defend a foreign citizen in a Taiwan criminal case?\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"A consular or representative office may provide consular assistance, but it does not replace a Taiwan criminal defense lawyer. The criminal case itself is handled under Taiwan law before Taiwanese prosecutors and courts.\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"Is FDLAW\u2019s acquittal already final?\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"The judgment provided is a first-instance judgment of the Taoyuan District Court. The Court found the American defendant not guilty, but the judgment also states that an appeal may be filed. Whether a judgment has become final must therefore be confirmed based on the subsequent appellate status.\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}\n<\/script>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">FDLAW<br>Line\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/line.me\/ti\/p\/@fdlaw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/line.me\/ti\/p\/@fdlaw<\/a><br>Phone:<a href=\"tel:0277093611\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">0277093611<\/a><br>Facebook:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/fudalawyer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/fudalawyer<\/a><br>Website:<a href=\"https:\/\/fdlaw.com.tw\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/fdlaw.com.tw\/<\/a><br>Email:<a href=\"mailto:info@fdlaw.com.tw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">info@fdlaw.com.tw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Families seeking urgent advice can review our page on <a href=\"https:\/\/fdlaw.com.tw\/en\/criminal-lawyer-for-foreigners-taiwan\/\">legal representation for foreign nationals in Taiwan<\/a>, including detention visits, evidence collection, and communication from overseas.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>FIRST-INSTANCE ACQUITTAL American Client2,087 g of Hero [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11953,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"qubely_global_settings":"","qubely_interactions":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[77],"tags":[608],"class_list":["post-11951","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-taipei-criminal-lawyer","tag-foreign-criminal"],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":6}},"qubely_featured_image_url":{"full":["https:\/\/fdlaw.com.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/not-guilty.png",649,462,false],"landscape":["https:\/\/fdlaw.com.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/not-guilty.png",649,462,false],"portraits":["https:\/\/fdlaw.com.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/not-guilty-540x320.png",540,320,true],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/fdlaw.com.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/not-guilty-150x150.png",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/fdlaw.com.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/not-guilty-300x214.png",300,214,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/fdlaw.com.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/not-guilty.png",649,462,false],"large":["https:\/\/fdlaw.com.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/not-guilty.png",649,462,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/fdlaw.com.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/not-guilty.png",649,462,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/fdlaw.com.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/not-guilty.png",649,462,false],"trp-custom-language-flag":["https:\/\/fdlaw.com.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/not-guilty-18x12.png",18,12,true],"qubely_landscape":["https:\/\/fdlaw.com.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/not-guilty.png",649,462,false],"qubely_portrait":["https:\/\/fdlaw.com.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/not-guilty-540x320.png",540,320,true],"qubely_thumbnail":["https:\/\/fdlaw.com.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/not-guilty-140x100.png",140,100,true]},"qubely_author":{"display_name":"\u53f0\u5317\u5f8b\u5e2b\u63a8\u85a6","author_link":"https:\/\/fdlaw.com.tw\/en\/author\/admin\/"},"qubely_comment":0,"qubely_category":"<a href=\"https:\/\/fdlaw.com.tw\/en\/blog\/category\/taipei-criminal-lawyer\/\" rel=\"category tag\">\u5211\u6cd5\u53ca\u5211\u4e8b\u8a34\u8a1f<\/a>","qubely_excerpt":"FIRST-INSTANCE ACQUITTAL American Client2,087 g of Hero&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fdlaw.com.tw\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11951","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fdlaw.com.tw\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fdlaw.com.tw\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fdlaw.com.tw\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fdlaw.com.tw\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11951"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/fdlaw.com.tw\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11951\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12153,"href":"https:\/\/fdlaw.com.tw\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11951\/revisions\/12153"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fdlaw.com.tw\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11953"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fdlaw.com.tw\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11951"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fdlaw.com.tw\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11951"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fdlaw.com.tw\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11951"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}